فعالیت ضد قارچی Beauveria bassiana در برابر قارچ عامل خشکیدگی شمشاد خزری (Calonectria pseudonaviculata)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار،باغ گیاه شناسی نوشهر، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،نوشهر، ا یران

4 پژوهشگر، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.22092/bcpp.2023.362305.333

چکیده

شمشاد خزری از ارزشمندترین درختان پهنبرگ همیشه‌سبز جنگلهای هیرکانی است و متاسفانه در دهه اخیر به بیماری بلایت ناشی از قارچ Cylindrocladium buxicola مبتلا شده است که خطر جدی برای بقا و تولید شمشاد میباشد. با توجه به وجود درختان شمشاد در اکوسیستمهای جنگل و فضای سبز مناطق شهری، باید از ترکیبات ایمن و دوستدار محیط‌زیست برای کنترل بیماری استفاده شود. Beauveria bassiana قارچ اندوفیت گیاهی با توانایی بیماریزایی در حشرات است که خواص آن در افزایش رشد گیاهان، کنترل زیستی آفات و محدود کردن فعالیت قارچهای بیماریزای گیاهی در چندین گیاه میزبان ثابت شده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی پتانسیل برخی از جدایه‌های B. bassiana بدست آمده از آفت برگخوار شمشاد (Cydalima perspectalis) در کنترل قارچ C. buxicola بود. فعالیت آنتاگونیستی چهار جدایه از B. bassiana با استفاده از کشت دوگانه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و همچنین گیاهان با تلقیح قارچ اندوفیت در بذور گیاهان و تلقیح قارچ پاتوژن در برگ‌ها ارزیابی شد. هر چهار جدایه قادر به برقراری ارتباط اندوفیتی روی گیاهچه‌های شمشاد بودند. همه جدایه‌ها در شرایط آزمایشگاهی فعالیت ضدقارچی قابل توجهی در برابر C. buxicola (53–88%) نشان دادند. در نتیجه تلقیح قارچ اندوفیت به گیاه، اثر حفاظتی بالایی در برابر قارچ بلایت مشاهده شد و درصد سطح خسارت برگی در گیاهان شمشاد تلقیح شده با قارچ‌های اندوفیت به‌طور معنی‌داری کمتر از گیاهانی بود که فقط توسط پاتوژن تلقیح شده بودند. نتایج این تحقیق مسیر را برای استفاده موثرتر از B. bassiana در مدیریت تلفیقی و همزمان آفت برگخوار شمشاد خزری و قارچ عامل بلایت این گیاهان و همچنین افزایش رشد گیاه میزبان هموار می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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