مهار زیستی بیمارگرهای مهم برنج با استفاده از قارچ‌های اندوفیت جداشده از برنج هوازی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 استادیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی منابع طبیعی گرگان

5 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی منابع طبیعی گرگان

10.22092/bcpp.2023.361900.331

چکیده

برنج از مهم­ترین غلات مورد مصرف غذایی مردم جهان به ­ویژه خاورمیانه می­باشد. بیماری بلاست و پوسیدگی طوقه و ریشه، دو بیماری قارچی مهم برنج در مناطق مختلف محسوب می­ شوند. قارچ­ های اندوفیت یکی از عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک محسوب شده که علاوه بر کنترل بیماری­ های گیاهی موجب بهبود رشد در گیاه میزبان می­شوند. بدین منظور جدایه­ های قارچی اندوفیت و همچنین جدایه ­های بیمارگر از برگ، غلاف، ساقه و ریشه بوته­ های برنج هوازی از شالیزارهای استان گلستان جداسازی و شناسایی مورفولوژیکی و مولکولی شدند. سپس فعالیت آنتاگونیستی آن­ ها علیه جدایه بیمارگر Magnaporthe oryzae  عامل بیماری بلاست و جدایه بیمارگر Fusarium fujikuroi عامل بیماری پوسیدگی طوقه و ریشه به سه روش، کشت متقابل، متابولیت­ های فرار و متابولیت­ های غیر فرار در آزمایشگاه بررسی شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد، در روش کشت متقابل جدایه F. incarnatum بیشترین میزان بازدارندگی از رشد قارچ بیمارگر M. oryzae و قارچ بیمارگر F. fujikuroi را به ­ترتیب با میانگین 58/64و 60/03درصد داشت. در روش متابولیت­ های فرار بیشترین درصد مهار قارچ بیمارگر F. fujikuroi را جدایه E. nigrum با 57/13درصد بازدارندگی و جدایه F. incarnatum با 52/24درصد بازدارندگی از خود نشان دادند. در روش متابولیت­ های غیر فرار (عصاره)، جدایه­ های F. incarnatum و F. proliferatum به ­ترتیب با میانگین 62/27و 57/96درصد، بیشترین درصد ممانعت از رشد قارچ عامل بیماری بلاست را از خود نشان دادند. جدایه F. incarnatum حاصل از این پژوهش فعالیت آنتاگونیستی را در سه آزمون کشت متقابل، متابولیت­ های فرار و متابولیت­ های غیر فرار علیه قارچ­های M. oryzae و F. fujikuroi نشان داد. همچنین در این آزمایش جدایه­ های F. proliferatum و F. incarnatum در شرایط گلخانه موجب مهار بیماری بلاست و پوسیدگی طوقه و افزایش ارتفاع و وزن تر اندام هوایی و ریشه گیاه برنج شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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