اثر ارقام گوجه‌فرنگی بر ویژگی‌های زیستی زنبور Trichogramma brassicae پارازیتویید تخم شب‌پره گوجه‌فرنگی، Helicoverpa armigera

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشگاه رازی

3 دانشیار گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشگاه رازی

4 IPM team member at Flavorite Group, Warragul, Victoria, Australia

10.22092/bcpp.2023.360924.327

چکیده

کنترل زیستی کرم میوه گوجه‌فرنگی، Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) با انجام رهاسازی اشباعی زنبور پارازیتویید تخم Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) بخشی از برنامه مدیریت تلفیقی این آفت در مزارع گوجه‌فرنگی در ایران است. در این پژوهش، تاثیر ده رقم گوجه‌فرنگی شامل ارقام Aras، Atrak، Korall، Mobil، Rio Grande، Sivand، Super Chief، Super Mobil، Super Queen و Super Urbana روی ویژگی‌های زیستی زنبور پارازیتوییدT. brassicae در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و دﻣﺎی 1±26 درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﯿﻮس، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ 10±60 درﺻﺪ و دوره ﻧـﻮری 16 ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ روﺷـﻨﺎﯾﯽ و 8 ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﮑﯽ مطالعه شد. میانگین طول عمر زنبورهای مادهT. brassicae در تیمارهای مورد بررسی از 0/56±7/10 روز در رقم Super Mobil تا 0/49±8/05 روز در رقم Rio Grande متغیر بود. طول دوره‌ی رشدونمو مراحل نابالغ در رقم Super Urbana (8/61±0/03 روز) بیشترین و در رقم Aras (8/04±0/02 روز) کمترین بود. بیشترین تعداد کل تخم‌های پارازیته مربوط به رقم Rio Grande(67/85±4/59 عدد) و کمترین آن مربوط به رقم Super Mobil (59/35±5/72 عدد) بود. نرخ پارازیتیسم از1/40±30/08 درصد در رقم Super Urbana تا 1/56±35/86 درصد در رقم Atrak متغیر بود. دامنه‌ی تغییرات نسبت جنسی نتاج که در همه‌ی موارد به سمت جنس ماده گرایش داشت از 0/54±59/54 درصد در رقم Aras تا 0/40±62/65 درصد در رقم Rio Grande ثبت شد. بیشترین تعداد نتاج در هر تخم میزبان مربوط به رقم Super Chief (میانگین1/45 فرد در هر تخم پارازیته) و کمترین آن مربوط به رقم Aras (میانگین 1/37 فرد در هر تخم پارازیته) بود. درصد خروج زنبور در همه تیمارها بدون اختلاف معنی‌دار و بالای 90 درصد بود. مشخص گردید که ارقام گوجه‌فرنگی می‌توانند ویژگیهای زیستی و جمعیتی زنبور T. brassicae را بطور مشخص تحت تاثیر قرار دهد.

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