[مقاله علمی-مروری] مدیریت تلفیقی شب‌پرۀ مینوز گوجه‌فرنگی،Tuta absoluta در گلخانه‏ ها و مزارع گوجه‏ فرنگی

نوع مقاله : علمی-مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی- موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور

2 استادیار، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی- موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور- تهران- ایران

3 دکتری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی- موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور

10.22092/bcpp.2023.360757.325

چکیده

شب‌پرۀ مینوزگوجه‌فرنگی، (Meyrick)  Tuta absolutaیکی از آفات بسیار مهم و کلیدی گیاهان تیرۀ بادمجانیان (Solanaceae) است. لارو آفت از همۀ اندام‌های هوایی گیاه میزبان از جمله برگ، ساقه و میوه تغذیه می‏کند و در صورت عدم مهار جمعیت آفت، می‌تواند به نابودی کامل محصول منجر شود. از نظر کشاورزان اصلی‌ترین شیوۀ مهار آفات قرنطینه، به‌ویژه در سال‌های اولیۀ ورود آن به مناطق جدید، استفاده از آفت‌کش‌های شیمیایی است. اما باقی‌مانده آفت‌کش‌ها و اثرات سوء آن‌ها بر محیط ‏زیست، تهدید جدی برای سلامت مصرف‌کنندگان است. استفاده از روش‌های کنترل غیرشیمیایی از جمله بکارگیری مهارگرهای زیستی، از راهکار‌های موثر برای کاهش جمعیت آفات و تولید سبزی و صیفی‌ با کیفیت محسوب می‌شود. طی چند دهۀ گذشته، مطالعات گسترده‏ای روی کاربرد دشمنان طبیعی آفات صورت گرفته است. در این نوشتار، به مرور پژوهش‏ هایی در مورد زیست‌شناسی شب‌پره مینوز گوجه‌فرنگی در شرایط گلخانه‏ها و مزارع و راهبردهای زراعی، بیوشیمیایی، زیستی و شیمیایی در قالب برنامۀ مدیریت تلفیقی این آفت پرداخته شده و نتایج کاربرد عوامل مهارگر زیستی مانند پارازیتوئیدها، شکارگرها، نماتدها، قارچ‌ها و سایر عوامل میکروبی مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. در مجموع می‏توان بیان داشت که حفاظت از دشمنان طبیعی و یا رهاسازی پارازیتوئیدها، شکارگرها و بکارگیری باکتری باسیلوس تورنژینسیس (Bt) به‌صورت انفرادی یا توام و در تلفیق با سایر ابزارها و روش‌ها، زمینه اجرای مدیریت تلفیقی T. absoluta را در مزارع و گلخانه‌های گوجه‌فرنگی کشور فراهم خواهد نمود.

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