معرفی تعدادی از مخمرهای رورست گیاهی از ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مخمرها، موجوداتی تک‌سلولی وابسته به سلسله قارچ‌ها هستند که در مبحث کنترل بیولوژیک از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار می‌باشند و گونه‌های متعددی به‌صورت محصول بیوکنترل در سطح تجاری تولید و عرضه شده است. در ایران نیز تاکنون چندین گونه‌ مخمر به‌عنوان عامل بیوکنترل جداسازی و معرفی شده است، از این رو هدف این بررسی، تعیین تنوع مخمرها از میکروفلور کشاورزی می‌باشد. بدین منظور مخمرهای رورست از میکروفلور طبیعی و بومی گیاهان زراعی و باغی در طی سال­های 95ـ1394، از مناطق نوار شمالی کشور و نیز از برخی نقاط دیگر کشور، جداسازی شدند. کلیه جدایه‌ها با استفاده از محیط غذایی مالت آگار جداسازی و خالص‌سازی شده و براساس خصوصیات ریخت‌شناختی پرگنه‌ها به گروه‌های مجزای مقدماتی تفکیک شدند. بر اساس خصوصیات ریخت شناختی نظیر رنگ و فرم پرگنه، 24 جدایه به عنوان نماینده برای شناسایی انتخاب شدند. نتایج آزمون‌های بیوشیمیایی با استفاده از ضریب تشابه ساده نشان می­دهد، جدایه­ها در سطح 87 درصد، در 14 خوشه مجزا قرار می‌گیرند. برای شناسایی تکمیلی، 24 جدایه به‌عنوان نماینده این 14 گروه انتخاب و برای بررسی تعیین ترادف قسمتی از ناحیه ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 (بر اساس آغازگرهای ITS4 و ITS1) انتخاب شدند. بر این اساس، تعلق جدایه‌های مورد بررسی در این تحقیق به تعداد 12 گونه به شرح ذیل مورد تایید قرار گرفت: Aureobasidium pullulans, Candida membranifaciens, Cystobasidium minutum, Debaryomyces hansenii, Filobasidium magnum, Metschnikowia koreensi, Naganishia albida, Ogataea zsoltii, Papiliotrema flavescens, Rhodotorula glutinis, R. mucilaginosa, Sporobolomyces ruberrimus. از بین این موارد، گونه‌های : O. zsoltii, M. koreensi, P. flavescens, C. minutum اولین گزارش برای ایران می‌باشند. جدایه­های حاصل با استفاده از ریخت‌شناختی میکرو یا ماکروسکوپی، بررسی و پرگنه­ها از لحاظ رنگ، شکل، اندازه و شکل سلول و مکان جداسازی آن‌ها توصیف شدند.

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