تأثیر همزیستی اکتومیکوریزایی بر تحمل به خشکی در صنوبر سفیدپلت (Populus caspica)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کاهش منابع چوبی و نیاز فزاینده به چوب، تمایل به جنگلکاری با گونه‌های سریع‌‌الرشد مانند صنوبرها را افزایش داده است. اما اغلب گونه‌های صنوبر نسبت به خشکی حساس هستند. قارچ‌های میکوریز می‌توانند وضعیت آب در گیاهان را بهبود بخشند و بقا و رشد گیاهان را تحت شرایط خشکی افزایش دهند. این نوع حفاظت با متابولیسم اسیدهای آمینه تحمل گیاه به تنش خشکی را افزایش می‌دهد. در این تحقیق گیاهچه‌های سفیدپلت (Populus caspica) از طریق کشت بافت تکثیر، برقراری همزیستی اکتومیکوریزایی با قارچ Pisolithus arhizus انجام و اثر همزیستی تحت تنش خشکی بر پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی و تجمع اسیدهای آمینه در سفید‌پلت بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد برقراری همزیستی روی گیاهچه‌ها اثرات منفی تنش خشکی را کنترل و موجب افزایش ارتفاع ساقه، بیومس ساقه و برگ، فتوسنتز، تعرق، هدایت روزنه‌ای و کلروفیل برگ شده است. پس از بررسی‌ اسیدها آمینه در ریشه مستقل و ریشه همزیست گیاهچه‌ها و در دو حالت خشکی و آبیاری مشخص شد ریشه‌های اکتومیکوریزایی در هر دو حالت در مقایسه با شاهد دارای غلظت بالاتری از اغلب اسیدهای آمینه بودند؛ که اثبات می‌کند اسیدهای آمینه مهمترین محصولات هضم و فرم انتقال نیترو‍ﮊن در بافت همزیست هستند. تجمع معنی‌دار اغلب اسیدهای آمینه مانند آسپاراژین، گلوتامین، اسید گلوتامیک، هیستیدین، تیروزین، ترئونین، آلانین و متیونین در ریشه‌های اکتومیکوریزایی تحت شرایط تنش (نسبت به ریشه‌های اکتومیکوریزایی تحت آبیاری و نیز ریشه‌های شاهد) مشاهده شد که نشان می‌دهد تجمع اسیدهای آمینه آزاد ارتباط نزدیکی با تحمل به خشکی در ریشه‌های همزیست دارند. از سوی دیگر تجمع آرژینین، سیترولین و ‌اسید آسپارتیک در ریشه‌های مستقل سفیدپلت در شرایط آبیاری در مقایسه با ریشه‌های همزیست مشاهده شد که مؤید بکارگیری این اسیدهای آمینه در مسیرهای متابولیکی در سیستم ریشه‌ای میکوریزایی بود. ارتباط این تغییرات با عملکرد همزیستی اکتومیکوریزایی و افزایش تحمل به خشکی میزبان بحث شده است.

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