اثر آنتاگونیستی جدایه‏ های قارچی و ترکیبات زیستی در کنترل نماتود سیستی چغندرقند Heterodera schachtii

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی دانشگاه زابل، زابل

2 بخش تحقیقات گیاه‏پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران

3 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

برای بررسی کنترل بیولوژیک نماتود سیستی چغندرقند Heterodera schachtii، اثر جدایه‏های قارچی
Trichoderma harzianum، Talaromyces flavus، Fusarium solani وPochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia جدا شده از سیست‏های آلوده در استان اصفهان، و ترکیبات زیستی تجاری ماری گُلد (محصول شرکت ABPL کشور هندوستان) و تریکومیکس اچ. وی.TRICHO-MIX H.V.) بـــا مـــاده مـــؤثره T. harzianum T39 محصــول شــرکت فن‏آوران حیات سبز)، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 9 تیمار و پنج تکرار در گلخانه، طی سال‏های 93-1392 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یک نمونه از هر یک از جدایه‏های قارچ تکثیر یافته روی گندم سترون، به‌میزان 10 گرم و ترکیبات زیستی ماری گُلد و تریکومیکس اچ. وی. به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 2/0 و 2 گرم، به گلدان‏های حاوی خاک مزرعه با آلودگی 67/0عدد سیست و 12 عدد تخم و لارو سن دو نماتود در یک گرم خاک افزوده و در دمای 2±25 درجۀ سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی 10±70 درصد به‌مدت 90 روز نگه‏داری شد. تجزیۀ واریانس با نرم افزارSAS 9.1 و میانگین صفات مورد مطالعه در مقایسه با خاک سترون، به‏وسیلۀ آزمون چند دامنه‏ای دانکن ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که از نظر جمعیت نهایی بین تیمارها در مقایسه با تیمار نماتود به‌تنهایی، تفاوت معنی‏داری وجود دارد. به‌طوری‏که جدایه T. harzianum 128، ماری گُلد، T. harzianum 93، TRICHO-MIX H.V. ،F. solani، T. flavus 94،
T. flavus 134 و P. chlamydosporia به‏ترتیب به‌میزان 08/65، 72/60، 08/53، 99/47، 81/45، 17/42، 45/41 و 35/20 درصد، جمعیت نهایی نماتود سیستی چغندرقند را کاهش دادند. بوته‏های چغندرقند کشت شده در خاک سترون و مزرعه، از نظر شاخص‏های رشدی طول، وزن تر و خشک ریشه و اندام‏های هوایی، دارای اختلاف معنی‏داری بودند. قارچ‏های فوزاریوم و پوکونیا، نسبت به سایر تیمارها، باعث رشد بیشتر بوته‏های چغندرقند شدند.

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