جدول زندگی سن مرحله‌ی زیستی دو جنسی و توانایی شکارگری کفشدوزک شش نقطه‌ای Menochilus sexmaculatus با تغذیه از شته‏ی سبز انار Aphis punicae در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

چکیده

جدول زندگی و نرخ شکارگری کفشدوزکMenochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (Col.: Coccinellidae)  در دماهای به‌ترتیب 2±25 و 2±5/27 درجه‌ی سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5±65 و دوره‌ی نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی بررسی شد. در مطالعه‌ی جدول زندگی تعداد 60 عدد لارو یک روزه انتخاب و روزانه با پوره‌های سن سوم و چهارم شته‏ی سبز انار Aphis punicae (Hem.: Aphididae)تغذیه شدند. نرخ شکارگری، طول دوره‌ی پیش از بلوغ، نرخ مرگ و میر و باروری روزانه، براساس تئوری جدول زندگی سن– مرحله­ی دو جنسی اندازه‏گیری و میانگین­ها و خطای معیار فراسنجه­های رشد جمعیت بر اساس روش بوتسترپ با 10000 بار تکرار محاسبه شد. براساس نتایج به­دست آمده، نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت، نرخ متناهی افزایش جمعیت، طول مدت زمان هر نسل و نرخ ناخالص و خالص تولید مثل به‌ترتیب 0085/0±21/0 (روز1-)، 0104/0±23/1 (روز1-)، 68/0±57/24 (روز)، 57/33±366/236 و 83/27±148/178 (تخم/فرد) به‌دست آمد. مقدار شته‏ی شکار شده در مرحله‌ی پوره‏ی سن سوم و چهارم توسط لارو سن چهارم کفشدوزک برای حشرات نر 08/188 و برای حشرات ماده 09/179 عدد به‌دست آمد. همچنین نرخ خالص شکارگری 9/358 عدد شته در مرحله‌ی پیش از بلوغ محاسبه شد و نشان می­دهدکه شکارگری دارای سهم بالایی در کنترل جمعیت شته می‏باشد.

 

کلیدواژه‌ها


Ali, A., & Rizvi, P.Q. 2009. Life table of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricus (Col.: Coccinellidae) at varying temperature on Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. World Applied Sciences Journal. 7(7): 897-901.
Alinaghizadeh, A. 2010. faunistic study of ladybrid beetles (Coccinellidae) in Kerman. Master thesis of Agricultural Entomology, vali asr University of Rafsanjan. 111 pages. (In Persian with English summary).
Asghari, F., Samih., M.A. & Izadi, H. 2011. Demographic of Hippodamia variegata (Col.: Coccinellidae) feed on pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem .: Aphalaridae) in vitro. Journal of Plant Protection. 34 (2): 75-88. (In Persian with English summary).
Asghari, F., Samih. M.A., Mahdian. K., Basirat. M. & Izadi, H. 2012a. The effect of temperature on some biological characteristics of Hippodamia variegata feed on pistachio psylla and grain moth eggs. Journal of Plant Science. 42 (1): 137-149. (In Persian with English summary).
Asghari, F., Samih, M.A., &  Mahdian. K. 2012b. Some biological characteristics of ladybird Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) feed on cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae L. and eggs of flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. Biological control of pests and plant diseases. 1: 19-27. (In Persian with English summary).
Bagheri, M.R., & Mosadegh, S. 1996. Faunistic study of  coccinellid (Col.: Coccinellidae) Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (the first part of the subfamily of Coccinellinae and Chilocorinae). Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 7 and 8: 29-35. (In Persian with English summary).
Benham, B.R., & Muggleton, J.M. 1970. Studies on the ecology of Coccinella undecimpunctata Linn (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The Entomologyist. 103: 153-170.
Bonte, M., Samih, M.A., & De Clercq, P. 2010. Development and reproduction of Adalia bipunctata on factitious and artificial foods. BioControl. 55: 485- 491.
Carey, J.R. 1993. Applied demography for biologists with special emphasis on insects. Oxford University Press. UK, 211.
Chi, H. & Liu, H. 1985. Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica. 24: 225-240.
Chi, H. 1988. Life table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rates among individuals. Environmental Entomology. 17: 26-34.
Chi, H. 1990. Timing of control based on the stage structure of pest population: a simulation approach. Journal of Economic Entomology. 83, 1143-1150.
Chi, H., & Yang, T.C. 2003. Two- sex life table and predation rate of Propylaea japonica Thunberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Environmental Entomology. 32: 327-333.
Chi, H. 2014a. TWOSEX-MSChart: a computer program for the age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. Retrieved May 2013, from: http://140.120.197.173/Ecology/.
Chi, H. 2014b. CONSUME-MSChart: a computer program for the predation rate analysis based on age-stage, two-sex life table. (http://140.120.197.173/Ecology/Download/ Consume-MSChart.zip).
Elbert, T.A. & Cartwright, B. 1997. Biology and ecology of Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Society of South western Entomologists. 22: 116-145.
Farhadi, R., Allahyari, H. & Chi, H. 2011. Life table and predation capacity of Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on Aphis fabae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Journal of Biological Control.
Ghosh, S., Laskar, N. & Senapati, S.K. 2007. Seasonal incidence of predar Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricus (Col.: Coccinellidae) on brinjal and harmful effect of insecticides on the predator. Indian Journal of Agriculture Research. 41: 102-106.
Goodman, D. 1982. Optimal life histories, optimal notation, and the value of reproductive value. The American Naturalist. 119: 803–823.
Hu, L.X., Chi, H., Zhang, J., Zhou, Q. & Zhang, R.J. 2010. Life table analysis of the performance of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on two wild rice species. Journal of Economic Entomology. 103: 1628-1635.
Huang, Y.B. & Chi, H. 2012. Assessing the application of the jackknife and bootstrap techniques to the estimation of the variability of the net reproductive rate and gross reproductive rate: a case study in Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 61: 37-45.
Huffaker, C.B., Luck, R.F. & Messenger, P.S. 1997. The ecological basis of biological control. Proceeding of 15th International Conggres Entomology Washington. 560-586.
Jackson H.B., Rogers C.E., & Eikenbary R.D. 1971. Colonization and release of Aphelinus asychis an important parasite of the greenbug. Journal of Economic Entomology. 64 (6): 1435-1438.
Jalali, M.A. & Michaud, J.P. 2012. Aphid-plant interactions affect the suitability of Myzus spp. as prey for the two spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). European Journal of Entomology. 109 (3): 345-352.
Jogender, S.R. 2006. Response of Coccinella septempunctata and Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Col.: Coccinellidae) to their aphid prey, Lipaphis erysimi (Hem.: Aphididae) in rapeseed-mustard. European Journal of Entomology.103: 81-83.
Khalili, S.A. 2012. Biology and efficiency of six spotted ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus )Fabricius ( (Col.: Coccinellidae) under laboratory conditions. Master thesis of Agricultural Entomology. Faculty of Agriculture, vali asr University of Rafsanjan. (In Persian with English summary).
Mannan, M.A., Islam, K.S. & Jahan, M. 2001. Effect of the predator Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Col.: Coccinellidae) in controlling potato aphis Myzus persica. Pakistan Journal of Science and Industrial Research. 44: 101-104.
Mari, J.M., Rizvi, N.H., Nizamani, S.M., Qureshi, K.H. & Lohar, M.K. 2005. Predatory efficiency of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Col.: Coccinellidae) and Coccinella undecimpunctata (Col.: Coccinellidae) on Alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis trifolii Monell. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 4(4): 365-369.
Mirhosseini, M.A. 2014. Effect of age and number of previous breeding male in the female reproductive and developmental results in predator Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius (Col .: Coccinellidae) Master thesis Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, vali asr University of Rafsanjan. (In Persian with English summary).
Mirzaii, F., Samih, M.A., Irannezad, M.K., Shabani. Z. & Alizadeh, A. 2011. Lethal effects plant extracts Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Eucalyptus camadulensis and insecticides, amitraz on Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer under laboratory conditions. 63th International Symposiums on Crop Protection, Gent-Belgium. May 24th.–May 24th. 151pp.
Misin, N. 1997. Reproductive morphology and behaviour of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius. (Col.: Coccinellidae) Master of Science thesis. Department of Biology University putra malaysia.
Mokhtari, B. & Samih, M.A. 2014. Predatory efficiency of Oenopia conglobata contaminata (Menteries) on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hem.: Aphalaridae) under laboratory conditions. . Biological Control of Plant Pests and Diseases. 3(1), 53-65.
Omkar & Pervez, A. 2004. Predaceous coccinellids in India: Predator-prey Catalogue. Oriental Insects. 38: 27-61.
Patel, A.G. & Vyas, H.N. 1984. Studies on predatory capacity of ladybird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius against Aphis craccivora Koch under laboratory condition.Pesticides. 18: 11, 8-9.
Rezvani, A. Aphids of Trees and shrubs in iran. 2003. Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute. 270 pages. (In Persian with English summary).
Rizvi, N.H., Rahoo, G.M., Mizamani, S.M. & Khuhro, R.D. 1995. Feeding potential of zigzag beetle, Menochilus sexamaculatus Fabricus. (Col.: Coccinellinae) on mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt on two cultivars under greenhouse conditions. 1st International Conference Entomology of Lahore Pakistan. 1: 35-37.
Rounagh, H. & Samih, M.A. 2014. The two-sex life table and predation rate of Oenopia conglobata contaminata (Col.: Coccinellidae) feeding on pomegranate green aphid, Aphis punicae (Hem.: Aphididae), under laboratory conditions. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 34(1), 59-72. 
Samih, M.A. 1993. Morphology and identification of parthenogenetic forms of Aphis spp in cold regions south of the Esfahan province. MSc thesis of Agricultural Entomology, Shahid Chamran University. 198 pages.
Samih, M.A. & Mokhtari, B. 2016. Two-sex life table parameters of Oenopia conglobata cantaminata (Menetries) feed on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Agonoscena  pistaciae under laboratory condition. Journal of plant protection, 30:1
Samih, M.A. & Ramazani, I. 2016a. Two sex life table of Hippodamia  variegata(Goez)by feeding on pomegranate green aphid, Aphis punicae Pass. National Meeting on Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources 2 and 3 February, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 25-30.
Samih, M.A. & Ramazani, I. 2016b. Pradatory rate of Hippodamia  variegata (Goez)feeding on pomegranate green aphid, Aphis punicae . National Meeting on Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources 2 and 3 February, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 31-35.
Shakeri, M. & Daneshvar, M. 2004. Report of the Conference for achievements and management problems Carob Moth. Yazd Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources. page 13. (In Persian with English summary).
Sokal, R.R. & F.J. Rohlf. 1995. Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological sciences (3rd ed.), WH Freman and Company. New York.
Solangi, B.K.H., Hullio, M.H. & Baloch, N. 2007. Biological parameters and prey consumption by zigzag beetle Menochilus sexamaculatus Fabricus. (Col.: Coccinellidae) against Rhopalosiphum maidis fitch, Aphis gossypii glov. And Therioaphis trifolii Monell. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. pp: 23.
Srivastava, S., & Omkar. 2003. Influence of temperature on certain biological attributes of a ladybeetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus. Entomologia Sinica. 10 (3):185-193
Verghese, A. & Tandon, P.L. 1978. Inter specific associations among Aphis gossypii,Menochilus sexmaculatus and Camponotus compressus in a Guava ecosystem. Phytoparasitica. 15(4): 289-297.
Yang, T.C. & Chi, H. 2006. Life table and development of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) at different temperatures. Journal of Economic Entomology. 99: 691-698.