مطالعه‌ی مگس‌های سیرفید شکارگر شته‌ی مومی کلمBrevicoryne brassicae در مزارع کلزای استان کرمانشاه و بررسی ویژگی‌های زیستی و تغذیه‌ای Eupeodes corollae

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مبخش تحقیقات گیاه‏پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه

2 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی دانشکده‌ کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

3 عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور

چکیده

مگس‌های شکارگر خانواده‌ی Syrphidae نقش مؤثری در مهار زیستی آفات و حفظ تعادل طبیعی زیست بوم‌های زراعی و باغی دارند. طی سال‌های 1394-1392 بررسی‌هایی در زمینه ارزیابی برخی ویژگی‏های زیستی این شکارگرها در مزارع کلزای استان کرمانشاه انجام شد. در این تحقیق 12 گونه‌ی سیرفید شکارگر شناسایی شد که همه‌ی آن‌ها متعلق به زیر خانواده‌ی Syrphinae بودند. گونه‌ی E. corollae با 67 درصد فراوانی به‌عنوان گونه‌ی غالب شناخته شد. زیست‌شناسی این گونه با پرورش روی شته‌ی مومی کلم B.brassicae در دماهای 20، 25 و 30 درجه‌ی سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5±60 درصد و دوره‌ی نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی در داخل انکوباتور بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد طول‌ دوره‌های رشدی و میزان تغذیه در سه دمای مختلف معنی‌دار بود (P<0.01). میانگین دوره‌ی رشدی این حشره مفید در دماهای 20، 25 و 30 درجه‌ی سلسیوس به‌ترتیب 45/22، 82/18 و 17/15 روز و هر لارو به‌طور میانگین به‌ترتیب از 07/371، 00/283 و 13/253 عدد شته تغذیه کرد. لاروهای سن سوم این گونه تغذیه بیشتری داشتند. با افزایش دما، طول دوره‌های لاروی و میزان تغذیه نیز کاهش یافت. بالاترین میزان مرگ و میر در دماهای 20 و 30 درجه و پایین‌ترین نیز در دمای 25 درجه‌ی سلیسیوس ثبت شد که دمای بهینه برای پرورش آن‌ محسوب می‌شود.

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